What Is Mupirocin?
Mupirocin, previously termed pseudomonic acid A, is a novel prescription medication belonging to the class of drugs called topical antibiotics.
This product is mainly used to treat skin infections, especially impetigo. It may also be helpful to combat methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) when present in the nose without symptoms.
As Mupirocin is unrelated in the mode of action and chemical structure to any known class of antibacterial medications, it does not have cross-resistance with them. While it is mainly used as a topical agent, it is also available for intranasal use.
Definition
Mupirocin is a natural crotonic acid derivative extracted from Pseudomonas fluorescens.
ChEBI defines it as “An alpha,beta-unsaturated ester resulting from the formal condensation of the alcoholic hydroxy group of 9-hydroxynonanoic acid with the carboxy group of (2E)-4-[(2S)-tetrahydro-2 -pyran-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid in which the tetrahydropyranyl ring is substituted at positions 3 and 4 by hydroxy groups and at position 5 by a {(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydro ybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl}methyl group. Originally isolated from the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens, it is used as a topical antibiotic for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections.”
Cas Number
12650-69-0
Molecular Formula
C26H44O9
Chemical Structure
It has a unique chemical structure consisting of a short fatty acid side chain linked via an ester bond to monic acid.
Chemical Properties
This product is obtained from the crystallized ether. Its melting point is 77~78 ℃. [α]D20-19.3°(C = 1, methanol). The maximum absorption of UV (ethanol): 222nm(ε14500).
Mupirocin Base Vs Mupirocin Calcium
Mupirocin Base or simply Mupirocin contains Mupirocin 2% in a water-miscible polyethylene glycol base. It is also the parent compound of Mupirocin Calcium.
IUPAC Name of Mupirocin: 9-[(E)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[[(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxynonanoic acid
On the other hand, Mupirocin Calcium is the calcium salt form of Mupirocin. It contains the dihydrate crystalline calcium hemi-salt Mupirocin 2% w/w equivalent to 20 mg Mupirocin as the active ingredient.
IUPAC Name of Mupirocin Calcium: calcium;9-[(E)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[[(2S,3S)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-hydroxybutan-2-yl]oxiran-2-yl]methyl]oxan-2-yl]-3-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxynonanoate;dihydrate
Mechanism of Action of Mupirocin
Mupirocin reversely combines with isoleucine transfer RNA synthetase, preventing the isoleucine incorporation. This inhibits protein synthesis in cells with isoleucine, an enzyme required by bacteria to produce proteins. As bacteria cannot make proteins, they die.
Due to this unique action, Mupirocin does not have cross-resistance with other classes of antimicrobial agents. It has an extensive and rapid metabolism and is thus available as topical formulatio
Mupirocin is bacteriostatic at lower concentrations. However, this product offers bactericidal effects with prolonged exposure, destroying 90-99% of susceptible bacteria within 24 hours.
It works well in fighting staphylococci and most streptococci. But offers lesser protection against other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The rate of occurrence is significantly low in vitro resistant mutants.
Its action on Staph. Aureus is influenced by inoculum so that a 10-fold increase in the inoculum doubles the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in vitro. Mupirocin activity also reduces when pH increases above the normal skin pH of 5.5. Its action is prominent in acidic medium.
Synthesis of Mupirocin
Mupirocin is a metabolic substance produced in vitro in the culture solution of pseudomonas fluorescence (Pseudomonas A). It contains 0.5-5% of Mupirocin, 60-89% of polyethylene glycol 400, 10-36% of polyethylene glycol 4000, and 0.04-0.4 % of organic acid.
It is synthesized in the following steps:
Initially, the organic acid is dissolved in obtains mixture in the PEG400
Macrogol 4000 is again added to the said mixture,
The above combination is heated to 50-60 ℃ to melt Macrogol 4000 melting
The mixture is stirred
Mupirocin is added to the above mixture and stirred under 50-60 ℃ condition to dissolve it
Mupirocin Forms and Specifications
There are various Mupirocin specifications available, including:
Mupirocin 2% USP
Mupirocin Ointment
Mupirocin Cream
Mupirocin Powder
What Is Mupirocin Used For (Mupirocin Ointment Uses)
Mupirocin is an antibacterial agent that is effective against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria, especially most strains of S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Due to its action, Mupirocin is used for the topical treatment of the following primary and secondary bacterial skin infections:
Impetigo (school sores)
Furunculosis (boils)
Folliculitis
Ecthyma
It is also effective for infected dermatoses such as eczema, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis, and epidermolysis bullosa.
Mupirocin can be helpful in infected traumatic lesions such as minor burns, wounds, ulcers, abrasions, and cuts.
It is also effective in treating infections caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This infection mainly occurs in people who are unwell and in the hospital. MRSA infection is a challenging infection to treat, and one can also pass this infection to others.
A nasal ointment with Mupirocin is available for people who have come in contact with MSRA infected patients. Mupirocin nasal ointment kills the bacteria in your nose, which can spread to others when you sneeze. It thus aids in preventing the spread of infection to others.
It may be used for other conditions purposes not listed above.
Mupirocin Side Effects
The use of Mupirocin is usually well tolerated. Allergic reaction to this product is also unknown.
However, as with other medications, it may have some side effects in some cases. A mild stinging or burning may occur after the use of this medicine.
In rare cases, it may cause a severe intestinal condition (Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea).
Mupirocin should be used with caution in large open wounds, especially in people with kidney disorders.
Where to Buy Bulk Mupirocin?
You can buy Mupirocin from PharmaSources.com. It is a vertical e-commerce online destination with many quality global suppliers. PharmaSources offers high-quality products to about 211 countries and regions. PharmaSources provides pharmacy lab instruments, pharmaceutical water systems and pharmaceutical ingredients for customers. Actually, we offers more that that. If you are interested in pharmacy, you could contact with us.
FAQ
What Bacteria Does Mupirocin Kill?
Some bacteria Mupirocin can commonly kill include:
Staphylococci aureus
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Streptococci pyogens
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus viridans
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Is Mupirocin the Same As Neosporin?
The short answer is a NO. While they both are topical antibiotics, Neosporin is mainly used as a first-aid antibiotic to prevent infections in minor scrapes, cuts, or burns on your skin. Neosporin is available as an over-the-counter medicine.
On the other hand, Mupirocin can kill a larger variety of bacteria. It is available as a prescription medicine and is mainly used for treating impetigo.
References
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Mupirocin#section=Related-Compounds-with-Annotation
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3146455/
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00410
https://au.gsk.com/media/223642/bactroban_cream_ointment_pi_004_approved.pdf
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb00936.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed
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