Product Description
- 英文名称: Dantrolene sodium
- 别名: 1-[[5-(4-硝基苯)-2-呋喃基]亚甲基氨基]-2,4-咪唑啉二酮钠盐 丹曲林钠
- CAS号: 24868-20-0
- 分子式: C14H9N4O5.Na
- 分子量: 336.23
AI Product Description
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Dantrolene sodium is a specialized pharmacological agent primarily recognized for its unique mechanism of action in treating malignant hyperthermia, a life-threatening complication often triggered by volatile anesthetics or succinylcholine during surgical procedures. First synthesized in the 1960s and approved for clinical use in the 1980s, this drug stands out as the only specific antidote available for this condition. Its molecular formula is C₁₄H₉Cl₂N₃O₅, with a corresponding CAS registry number of 37518-42-8. Structurally, it belongs to the hydantoin class of compounds, featuring a dichlorophenyl ring that is essential for its biological activity.
The primary therapeutic utility of Dantrolene sodium lies in its ability to inhibit skeletal muscle contraction by directly interfering with calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Unlike other muscle relaxants that act on neuromuscular junctions, Dantrolene acts centrally within the muscle cell itself, making it uniquely effective for conditions driven by uncontrolled intracellular calcium flux. Beyond malignant hyperthermia, it is increasingly utilized off-label to manage chronic spasticity resulting from upper motor neuron disorders such as spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. In these scenarios, it helps reduce muscle stiffness and pain, thereby improving patient mobility and quality of life.
Administration typically occurs via intravenous injection for acute emergencies like malignant hyperthermia, where rapid onset is critical. For chronic management of spasticity, oral formulations are employed, though patients require careful monitoring due to potential hepatotoxicity. While generally well-tolerated when used correctly, side effects may include muscle weakness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal disturbances. The development of Dantrolene represents a significant milestone in anesthesiology and neurology, providing a vital safety net for patients undergoing high-risk surgeries and offering relief for those suffering from debilitating muscle rigidity. Continuous research aims to refine delivery methods and minimize adverse effects, ensuring this essential medication remains a cornerstone in modern therapeutic protocols for hypermetabolic states and neuromuscular disorders worldwide.