Polyphenol compound is a class of plant secondary metabolites and is the general term for polyhydroxy compounds. Their structure includes one or more sugar residues connected to hydroxyl groups, and also contains different numbers of benzene rings. Polyphenol compound can be divided into four categories according to the number of benzene rings contained and the structural elements connecting these rings: phenolic acids (gallic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid, etc.), flavonoids (flavonoids, flavonols, flavanones, isoflavonoids, flavanols, anthocyanidins, etc.), stilbenes (resveratrol, piceatannol, etc.) and lignans (phyllanthin, olivil, etc.). Polyphenol compounds are widely found in natural Chinese herbal medicines, with antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrosis activities.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal disease, which can be mainly divided into Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Its pathogenesis is mainly related to the damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier and the imbalance of immune homeostasis caused by a variety of factors, such as environment, heredity and intestinal flora. The pathogenesis of IBD and intestinal fibrosis is complicated. Currently, only some therapeutic drugs (such as mesalazine and dexamethasone) have potential side effects, such as steroid dependence and serious infections. Besides, it cannot fundamentally improve the symptoms of patients, and the prevention and treatment effect is limited. Studies have shown that polyphenol compounds, such as flavonoids, catechins, quinones, lignans and tannins, have potential therapeutic effects on IBD. Related studies have shown that transforming growth factor β (1 TGF-β1)/Smad, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and other signaling pathways are involved in the occurrence and development of IBD and intestinal fibrosis. Want to know more about polyphenol compounds? Pharmasource provides the latest news on them.
Effect of polyphenol compounds on IBD and intestinal fibrosis
1. Curcumin
Curcumin is widely present in various traditional Chinese medicines and foods, such as curcuma zedoary and turmeric. It is a kind of flavonoids with pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrosis. Some scholars used different concentrations of curcumin to intervene in the rat intestinal epithelial IEC-6 cell fibrosis model induced by 10ng/mL TGF-β1, and it was found that 10μmol/L curcumin could obviously inhibit the low expression of cadherin and the high expression of α-SMA induced by TGF-β1. In addition, studies have pointed out that continuous injection of curcumin (15mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 60mg/kg) for 7 days can also down-regulate the expression of autophagy factors ATG5, beclin-1 and LC-3II in the colon tissue of colitis model mice, and up-regulate the expression of B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2). It indicates that curcumin can inhibit autophagy, relieve intestinal inflammation in colitis model mice, and repair its damaged intestinal mucosa.
2. Baicalin
Baicalin is a kind of flavonoids extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine, scutellaria baicalensis. It has a certain inhibitory effect on tumor cells, inflammation and viruses. Studies have shown that after treating TNBS-induced colitis model rats with baicalin, PI3K/Akt antagonist and agonist, respectively, baicalin (100 mg/kg, continuous gavage for 14 days) can effectively improve TNBS-induced colitis in rats. It inhibits the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, reduces the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in colon tissue, increases the content of IL-10, and promotes the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and β-catenin. Moreover, the effect of PI3K/Akt antagonist is equivalent to that of baicalin, indicating that the effect of baicalin in alleviating colitis in rats may be achieved by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Another study showed that after continuous gavage of 150mg/kg scutellaria baicalensis extract (the main active ingredient is baicalin) for 21 days, the colon mass and length, tissue inflammation and ...
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