Product Description
Tenofovir disoproxil 201341-05-1
AI Product Description
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Tenofovir disoproxil is a widely utilized prodrug of tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) primarily employed in the treatment of chronic viral infections. Its molecular formula is C19H30N5O10P2, and it carries the CAS registry number 147127-20-8. This compound is chemically characterized as a bis-isopropoxycarbonyloxymethyl ester derivative of tenofovir, designed to significantly enhance oral bioavailability compared to its parent molecule, which suffers from poor absorption due to high polarity.
The primary clinical application of Tenofovir disoproxil lies in managing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection. It is frequently prescribed as part of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to suppress viral replication, thereby preventing disease progression and reducing transmission risks. Furthermore, it serves as a first-line therapeutic agent for chronic Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, effectively inhibiting HBV DNA polymerase activity. Beyond treatment, this drug plays a crucial role in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), where it is administered to HIV-negative individuals at high risk of exposure to prevent initial infection.
Pharmacologically, once absorbed into the bloodstream, Tenofovir disoproxil undergoes rapid hydrolysis by intestinal esterases and hepatic enzymes to release tenofovir. The active metabolite then enters cells and is phosphorylated into tenofovir diphosphate, which competitively inhibits viral reverse transcriptase and terminates viral DNA chain elongation. The drug demonstrates a robust safety profile with a high barrier to resistance when used in combination regimens. Common side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, renal function impairment, and decreases in bone mineral density, necessitating regular monitoring during long-term therapy. Due to its efficacy and tolerability, Tenofovir disoproxil remains a cornerstone in modern antiviral pharmacotherapy, contributing significantly to global efforts in controlling HIV and Hepatitis B epidemics.