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Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) Human, commonly abbreviated as PTH(1-34), is the biologically active N-terminal fragment of the full-length parathyroid hormone. This synthetic peptide consists of 34 amino acid residues and represents the minimal sequence required to exert physiological effects on bone and kidney tissues. The molecular formula for this compound is typically cited as C162H259N47O48S2, reflecting its complex structure derived from human gene sequences. While specific catalog numbers vary by manufacturer, the CAS Registry Number associated with recombinant or synthetic human PTH(1-34) is generally 109866-08-6.
This peptide serves as a critical tool in biomedical research and clinical therapy. Its primary mechanism involves binding to parathyroid hormone type 1 receptors (PTH1R) located on osteoblasts and renal tubular cells. In the context of osteoporosis treatment, PTH(1-34) functions as an anabolic agent, stimulating new bone formation rather than merely inhibiting resorption. It promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and enhances calcium absorption in the kidneys, thereby increasing serum calcium levels. Clinically, it is widely known by its brand name Teriparatide and is approved for use in patients at high risk of fracture who have not responded adequately to other therapies.
In laboratory settings, PTH(1-34) is indispensable for studying bone metabolism, signal transduction pathways involving cAMP and protein kinase A, and the regulation of mineral homeostasis. Researchers utilize this molecule to investigate the pathophysiology of hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. Furthermore, it aids in evaluating potential drug candidates targeting bone density disorders. Due to its short half-life in circulation, precise dosing and administration protocols are essential when utilizing this reagent for experimental models. The purity of commercial preparations is usually verified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry to ensure biological activity and safety. As a potent signaling molecule, PTH(1-34) remains a cornerstone in endocrinology and orthopedic research, bridging the gap between basic molecular biology and effective therapeutic interventions for skeletal diseases.