Product Description
Mezlocillin sodium 59798-30-0
AI Product Description
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Mezlocillin sodium is a semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum penicillin antibiotic belonging to the acylaminopenicillin class. Its chemical formula is C19H23N4NaO6S, and it carries the CAS registry number 57088-39-4. This medication is the sodium salt of mezlocillin, designed to enhance water solubility for intravenous or intramuscular administration. Structurally, it features an extended side chain that significantly improves its stability against beta-lactamases compared to earlier generation penicillins like ampicillin, although it remains susceptible to certain bacterial enzymes produced by resistant strains.
The primary clinical utility of mezlocillin sodium lies in treating severe infections caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It demonstrates particular efficacy against Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, making it a valuable option for hospital-acquired infections. Common indications include complicated urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, septicemia, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and bone infections. Due to its broad coverage, it is often utilized in combination therapy for polymicrobial infections where anaerobic activity is also a concern, though it lacks reliable activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or enterococci.
Mechanistically, mezlocillin acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), disrupting the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers essential for structural integrity, leading to cell lysis and death. The drug is rapidly distributed throughout body tissues and fluids, including the biliary tract, but requires careful dosing adjustments in patients with renal impairment. While generally well-tolerated, potential adverse effects include hypersensitivity reactions ranging from mild rashes to anaphylaxis, gastrointestinal disturbances, and transient elevations in liver enzymes. As with all beta-lactams, it must be used judiciously to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Despite being less frequently prescribed today due to newer alternatives, mezlocillin sodium remains a critical component in specific therapeutic protocols for complex bacterial infections requiring potent anti-pseudomonal activity.