Product Description
Gliclazide 21187-98-4
AI Product Description
*The following content is generated by AI and is for reference only.
Gliclazide is a second-generation sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent widely utilized in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its chemical identity is defined by the molecular formula C15H21N3O3S, with a precise molecular weight of approximately 323.41 g/mol. The substance is uniquely identified by the CAS registry number 29016-87-7. Structurally, it features a bicyclic heterocyclic ring system that distinguishes it from earlier generation drugs like tolbutamide, offering improved metabolic stability and a more favorable safety profile regarding hypoglycemic episodes.
The primary therapeutic mechanism of Gliclazide involves stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. It achieves this by binding to specific ATP-sensitive potassium channels on the cell membrane, leading to channel closure, cellular depolarization, calcium influx, and subsequent insulin release. This action is strictly glucose-dependent, meaning the drug only triggers insulin release when blood glucose levels are elevated, thereby reducing the risk of severe hypoglycemia compared to first-generation agents. Beyond its glycemic control effects, emerging research suggests Gliclazide may possess antioxidant properties that help mitigate microvascular complications associated with long-term diabetes, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, making it a preferred choice in many clinical guidelines for patients at high risk of vascular damage.
Clinically, Gliclazide is available in both immediate-release and modified-release formulations, allowing for flexible dosing schedules tailored to individual patient needs. It is typically administered orally, often once or twice daily depending on the formulation. While generally well-tolerated, common side effects can include mild gastrointestinal disturbances, headaches, and skin rashes. As with all sulfonylureas, caution is advised for patients with renal or hepatic impairment, and it should not be used in type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis. Overall, Gliclazide remains a cornerstone therapy in global diabetes care, balancing efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness for millions of patients worldwide managing chronic hyperglycemia.