Product Description
Benzylpenicillin potassium,penicillin G potassium 113-98-4
AI Product Description
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Benzylpenicillin potassium, commonly known as Penicillin G potassium, is a critical antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam class of drugs. Its molecular formula is C₁₆H₁₇KN₂O₄S, and it carries the unique CAS registry number 132-98-9. This compound represents the potassium salt form of benzylpenicillin, designed to enhance solubility in aqueous solutions for intravenous or intramuscular administration. As one of the earliest discovered antibiotics, it remains a cornerstone in treating severe bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms.
The primary mechanism of action involves the inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). This disruption prevents the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers, leading to cell lysis and death. It exhibits high efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus species, non-penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium tetani. Additionally, it is highly effective against certain Gram-negative cocci like Neisseria meningitidis and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis. Due to its narrow spectrum, it is often reserved for specific, life-threatening infections rather than broad-spectrum coverage.
Clinical applications are extensive, ranging from the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia and septicemia to the management of rheumatic fever prophylaxis and actinomycosis. The potassium salt formulation allows for rapid absorption and high plasma concentrations, making it ideal for acute conditions requiring immediate therapeutic intervention. However, its stability is pH-dependent, necessitating careful preparation immediately before use to prevent hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. Despite the emergence of resistant strains, Benzylpenicillin potassium retains its status as a first-line therapy for many infectious diseases due to its proven safety profile, low cost, and potent bactericidal activity when susceptibility is confirmed. Medical professionals must monitor patients closely for hypersensitivity reactions, as penicillin allergies remain a significant clinical concern worldwide.