Vanilla ethyl ketone is a synthetic raw material for a variety of psychotropic drugs and various new antimalarial drugs, and is often used as a cardiotonic and diuretic in medicine. Vanilla ethyl ketone is currently recognized as a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase inhibitor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and xanthine oxidase are the main sources of free radicals during myocardial reperfusion, thereby inhibiting their activity and reducing free radical production may reduce reperfusion damage. In this experiment, the use of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor vanilla ethylketone exerted a protective effect on the myocardium of reperfused rats, which was associated with its inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity, reducing its mediated superoxide anion and peroxide nitrite radical production.