Cytokine mimetic peptide
Screening of cytokine mimetic peptides from peptide libraries using receptors of known cytokines has become a hot research topic at home and abroad in recent years. Foreign countries have screened a variety of growth factors such as human erythropoietin, human thrombopoietin, human growth hormone, human nerve growth factor and interleukin, the amino acid sequence of these peptidomimetics and their corresponding cytokine amino acids. The sequences are different, but have cytokine activity and have the advantage of having a small molecular weight. These cytokine mimetic peptides are in the preclinical or clinical research phase.
Antibacterial active peptide
When insects are stimulated by the external environment, a large number of cationic peptides with antibacterial activity are produced. More than 100 kinds of antimicrobial peptides have been screened. In vitro and in vivo experiments have confirmed that multiple antimicrobial peptides not only have strong bactericidal ability but also kill tumor cells. For example, the antimicrobial peptide D screened from silkworms has a good application prospect and can be produced by genetic engineering techniques. There are also a variety of active peptides in snake venom. A 13 amino acid (INKAIAALAKKLL) small peptide is isolated from snake venom, which has strong bactericidal ability against G+ and G-bacteria.
Peptide for cardiovascular disease
Many botanical Chinese medicines have the effects of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fat, and thrombolytics, and can be used not only as medicines but also as health foods. However, its composition cannot be determined. Its application is greatly limited. It has been found that many active ingredients are small molecular peptides. For example, the active peptides isolated from soybean processing by Chinese scientists can be directly absorbed through the small intestine, can prevent and treat blood clots, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, and can delay aging and improve the body's anti-tumor. force. Many small peptides for cardiovascular diseases have also been isolated from plants such as ginseng, tea, and ginkgo leaves.
Other pharmaceutical small peptides
In addition to the great progress made in the above aspects, small peptide drugs have made some progress in many other fields. For example, stiernberg et al found that a synthetic peptide (TP508) peptide can promote the regeneration of wound blood vessels and accelerate the healing of deep wounds in the skin. Pfister et al found that a small peptide (RTR) 4 can prevent alkali damage to the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the cornea and inhibit the inflammatory response. Carron et al. demonstrated that the two synthetic peptides screened inhibited bone resorption by osteoclasts.
Diagnostic peptide
The most important use of peptides in diagnostic reagents is as an antigen for detecting viruses such as viruses, cells, mycoplasma, spirochetes, and other parasites such as cysticercosis and trypanosomes. Peptide antigens are more specific than natural microorganisms or parasite protein antigens. Moreover, it is easy to prepare, and therefore the detection reagents assembled have low false negative rate and background reaction of the detection antibody, and are easy for clinical application. The antibody detection reagents currently assembled with peptide antigens include: A, B, C, G or hepatic viruses, HIV, human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, rubella virus, Treponema pallidum, cysticercosis, trypanosoma, Lyme disease and Rheumatoid and so on. Most of the peptide antigens used are obtained from natural protein intra-analytical screening of the corresponding pathogens, and some are novel small peptides screened from the peptide library.
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