Definition
Erythromycin thiocyanate is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections (i.e., community-acquired pneumonia, legionnaires), chlamydia infections, skin infections, prophylaxis of neonatal conjunctivitis, intestinal amebiasis, rheumatic fever prophylaxis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and syphilis. It can be administered orally or intravenously. It can also be given as an eye ointment for eye infections. Erythromycin thiocyanate is also used to treat acne when combined with other medicines. It can also be used to treat infections in fish. It inhibits the growth of bacteria that causes the infection. (1)
Chemical and Physical Features
CAS number: 7704-67-8 (2)
Molecular Structure: (3)
Molecular Formula: C38H68N2O13S (2)
Weight: 793.02 g/mol (2)
Appearance:
Erythromycin thiocyanate in its powder form is white or slightly yellow and crystalline. (4)
Other Physical Features:
Erythromycin thiocyanate is hygroscopic and sensitive to light.
Erythromycin thiocyanate is soluble in ethanol, sparingly soluble in DMSO, sparingly soluble in methanol when heated, and slightly soluble in water.
Erythromycin thiocyanate can be stored at room temperature for up to 12 months. (5)(6)(7)
Brand Names
The common brand names for Erythromycin Thiocyanate are Robimycin, Eryped-200, Eryped-400, E-mycin, E.E.S granules, Ery-tab, Eryc, Ranbaxy, Erypar, E.E.S-200, E.E.S-400 filmtab, Erymax, Eryped, Erythrocin Stearate Filmtab, Erythrocot, E-Base, MY-E Pediamycin, Erythroped, Zineryt, Ilosone, Abboticin, Erycin, Abbotin-ES, PCE dispertab, Tiloryth, and stiemycine acnasol. (1)
Some of the mixed products brands include Aktipak, Benzaderm, Benzamycin, Benzamycin pak, Benzamycin topikal gel, and Eritretin 30 gr gel. (8)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate forms and specifications
Erythromycin Thiocyanate API Powder 99%
Erythromycin Thiocyanate comes in powder form, as a raw material to prepare other medications. It is used to stop the growth of infectious bacteria in humans and fishes. (9)
Erythromycin base
Erythromycin Thiocyanate in its base form comes as a film-coated tablet. It is oval and is to be taken orally. It is available as a pink unscored tablet available in 250mg and 50mg doses. (10)
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate is available in 200mg/5mL granules for suspension. It is an antibiotic and this ophthalmic preparation is used to treat infections of the eye in new born babies (like neonatal conjunctivitis and opthalmia neonatorum) and adults. (11)
Erythromycin eye drops
The Erythromycin eye drops come in the form of white or transparent eye ointments. A common brand name is Ilotycin. It is mainly used to treat eye infections in new born babies. (12)
Erythromycin topical gel
Erythromycin is available in gel form to apply on the skin for acne problems. It contains excessive alcohol content, which dries up the excess oil on the skin, thus reducing the number of pimples formed. There may be some side effects such as burning of the skin, redness, itching, or peeling. Hence, it needs to be administered very carefully. (13)
Mechanism of action of Erythromycin Thiocyanate
Erythromycin, when administered, combines with the 50s subunit of the r RNA bacteria. This attachment impairs the protein synthesis and functioning of the bacteria. It interferes with aminoacyl translocation. Hence the rRNA fails to go from the A site to the P site of the complex. This breaks the chain of nascent polypeptide attachment to the amino acid. This inhibits the further growth of bacteria and brings an end to the spread of infection.
Erythromycin also acts as a Motilin receptor agonist, in the gut. It binds with the Motilin receptor to increase gut mobility. (1)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate manufacturing process
Erythromycin Thiocyanate is extracted using a counter current extractor from the fermented broth of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. It is dissolved in solvents containing amyl acetate and ethylene dichloride. The resin column extraction is then done using column chromatography at the pilot scale. The microfiltration downstream process of Erythromycin Thiocyanate is done from the broth. It is then extracted in a resin column using butyl acetate as a solvent. This finally results in the finished product Erythromycin Thiocyanate in the powder form with an overall 90% yield. (14)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate uses
Erythromycin Thiocyanate for Fish
Erythromycin Thiocyanate is added in the fish food to treat critical infections of Renibacterium salmoninarum in Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. This drastically increases the survival rate of the treated fishes. (15)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate for eyes
Erythromycin Thiocyanate is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat eye infections like neonatal conjunctivitis in new-born babies. (12)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate for acne
A thin layer of Erythromycin Thiocyanate gel applied on the skin, with the proper prescription dosage from the doctor, reduces the spread of acne. In any case, large amounts of the gel should not be applied, as it may result in adverse effects damaging the skin further. (13)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate dosage
For Susceptible infection: 250mg PO every 6 hr or 500mg PO every 12 hr.
For Chancroid: 500mg PO 3 times a day for 7 days.
For Amebiasis, intestinal: 250mg PO every 6 hr or 500mg PO every 12 hr for 10-14 days.
For Intraocular infections: 1cm ribbon ophthalmic ointment applied up to 6 times in a day.
For Chlamydia: 500mg PO 4 times a day for 7 days.
For pelvic inflammatory disease: 500mg IV every 6 hr for 3 days, then 500mg PO every 12 hr.
For Nongonococcal urethritis: 500mg PO 4 times a day for 7 days.
For Rheumatic fever prophylaxis: 250mg PO twice daily.
For primary syphilis: 30 to 40g given in divided doses for 10-15 days.
For legionnaire’s disease: 4g daily in divided doses is administered. (16)(17)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate side effects
Some of the common side effects of Erythromycin Thiocyanate are gastrointestinal disturbances (like diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting) and eosinophilia. Erythromycin Thiocyanate is believed to be cardio-toxic and hepatotoxic also.
The serious side effects include arrhythmia with prolonged QT intervals and reversible deafness. The allergic reactions include urticarial, rashes, and anaphylaxis.
High doses of Erythromycin Thiocyanate will cause toxicity. (1)(18)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate API bulk Price
The bulk price of Erythromycin Thiocyanate API can be anywhere around $ 130-185/kg. (19)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate market size and trend
In 2017, the market stood at 2 million prescriptions just in the United States. The demand for Erythromycin Thiocyanate has always been on the rise, however, there has been some negative impact due to the coivd-19 situation. (20)
Erythromycin Thiocyanate API manufacturers in China
Below are some manufacturers who are professional in making active pharma ingredients.
Shaoxing Hantai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Shaoxing Hantai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd specializes in new drug development, sales, and manufacturing. Their products range from Vitamins to finished API products, chemical products to pharmaceutical raw material packaging. They mainly deal with human and animal health, plant extracts, and food additives. (21)
HEC Pharma Co., Ltd
HEC Pharma Co., Ltd is a private company, founded in the year 1992. Some of their products include- Clarithromycin, Azithromycin dihydrate, Olanzapine, Felodipine, Atorvastatin calcium, Irbesartan, Clopidogrel bisulfate, and many more. (22)
SHANGHAI SUNRISE CHEMICAL CO., LTD
SHANGHAI SUNRISE CHEMICAL CO., LTD is involved in the production and sales of new and generic drugs. Their products include cephalosporin, penicillin intermediates and APIs, clavulanate series, macrolide antibiotic APIs, and hygiene APIs. (23)
JIANGSU GTIG HUATAI CO., LTD.
JIANGSU GTIG HUATAI CO., LTD. was established in 1992, in Huachang Oriental Plaza in the Jiangsu Province. Their main business is into imports and exports of chemical engineering and medicines, textile and garments, tools and hardware, and daily necessities. (24)
Ningxia Qiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
Ningxia Qiyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. was established in January 2001. They involve in the development of biopharmaceuticals, production of antibiotic raw materials, deep processing of corn, and production of vitamin raw materials. (25)
SINOBRIGHT PHARMA CO., LTD.
SINOBRIGHT PHARMA CO., LTD. was originally established in 1991, with their factory located in Shenzhen, China. They deal in the import and export of pharmaceutical APIs and intermediates, Food and feed additives, and Veterinary drugs. (26)
You can also find details around more suppliers for Erythromycin Thiocyanate API in bulk at PharmaSources.com. PharmaSources.com is one of the leading and trustworthy vertical e-commerce online pharmaceutical marketplaces. It holds information on quality pharmaceutical products and suppliers for its esteemed global customers and delivers comprehensive services to 90,000+ active members. About 211 countries and regions use their services. PharmaSources.com has been successfully selling over 1,600,000 products in 30 major pharmaceutical categories across the supply chain. (27)
Sources:
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythromycin
2) https://www.abcam.com/erythromycin-thiocyanate-macrolide-antibiotic-ab142872.html#:~:text=Erythromycin%20thiocyanate%2C%20Macrolide%20antibiotic%20(CAS,67%2D8)%20(ab142872)
3) https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?E650055
4) https://lktlabs.com/product/erythromycin-thiocyanate/
5) https://www.abcam.com/erythromycin-thiocyanate-macrolide-antibiotic-ab142872.html#:~:text=Erythromycin%20thiocyanate%2C%20Macrolide%20antibiotic%20(CAS,67%2D8)%20(ab142872)
6) https://www.trc-canada.com/product-detail/?E650055
7) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/vetdrug/docs/2-2006-erythromycin.pdf
8) https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00199
9) https://www.fengchengroup.com/pharmaceutical-api/antibiotics/erythromycin-thiocyanate-cas-7704-67-8-and.html#
10) https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=bceb1fe2-e40b-4d18-b9e9-0bcd55ec7ab6
11) https://www.goodrx.com/erythromycin-ethylsuccinate/what-is
12) https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8652/erythromycin-ophthalmic-eye/details
13) https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-1096/erythromycin-topical/details
14) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260298420_Erythromycin_Thiocyanate_Production_from_Microfiltered_Broth_using_Resin_Technology
15) https://www.cabi.org/isc/abstract/19962216452
16) http://www.antimicrobe.org/drugpopup/erythromycin.htm
17) https://www.rxlist.com/erythromycin-drug.htm#dosage
18) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532249/
19) https://www.made-in-china.com/price/erythromycin-thiocyanate-price.html
20) https://dataintelo.com/report/global-erythromycin-thiocyanate-sales-market/
21) http://www.hantaipharm.com/
22) http://pharm.hec.cn/en/about.aspx
23) http://www.sunrisechems.com/en/
24) http://jsgtht.com/
25) http://www.china-qiyuan.com/En
26) http://sinobrightpharma.vvchem.com/about.html
27) www.Pharmasources.com
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