1. What Is Ampicillin?
Ampicillin is an antibiotic. It is one of the most widely used drugs in the world to treat bacterial infections. First discovered in 1958, it started to be used commercially in 1961. Later the drug was also added to World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines. It is easily available as a generic medication.
Definition
One of the drugs in the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin comes from the amino-penicillin family of drugs that can enter both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Chemical &Physical Features
IUPAC name: (2S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetyl]amino]-3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid
Synonyms: Ampicillin, Aminobenzylpenicillin, Ampicillin acid, and Amcill
CAS:69-53-4
Molecular formula: C16H19N3O4S
Molecular weight: 349.4
Form: crystalline powder (needle-like)
Color: white
Solubility: soluble in water, methanol, absolute ethanol, dimethylacetamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. Insoluble in ether, benzene, chloroform, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate
Trade Names/Brand Names
Ampi
Omnipen
Penglobe
Principen
2. Ampicillin Sulbactam Combination
Ampicillin and sulbactam are often combined to treat certain bacterial infections of the female reproductive system, stomach, and skin. While ampicillin is a semi-synthetic version of penicillin, sulbactam comes from the class called beta-lactamase inhibitors which helps by preventing the destruction of ampicillin from bacteria.
3. Ampicillin Forms And Specifications
Ampicillin may be available in several forms and specifications under different brand names around the world. Here are some of the important ones:
Ampicillin API Powder 99%
A white powder form of ampicillin which comes in 99% purity is used to manufacture ampicillin-containing drugs and derivatives. The high purity rate makes it one of the best available active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) forms of ampicillin.
Ampicillin Sodium Salt
It comes in a white or almost white crystalline form. It can be either granules or powder. It is the sodium form of ampicillin and is used in a variety of anti-bacterial medications. It works by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis, through a complex process of binding to penicillin proteins and inhibiting the production of peptidoglycan
Ampicillin TrihydrateAPI Powder 99%
The almost white powder is the trihydrate form of ampicillin. It is available as a high purity derivative that can be used in its own right to synthesize several anti-bacterial drugs.
Ampicillin 500 Mg Capsules
This is one of the most common forms of ampicillin available in the market. As one of the most used medications in the world, it can be available in several specifications, and dosages. Ampicillin sodium and ampicillin trihydrate may be used to manufacture this drug in most cases.
4. Ampicillin vs Amoxicillin
Both of these drugs usually work through the same mechanism of action. Ampicillin is most commonly injected intravenously or intramuscularly. On the other hand, amoxicillin is given as an oral drug. Amoxicillin is also an anti-bacterial and is used in the treatment of pneumonia, sinusitis, UTIs, and otitis media.
5. Carbenicillin vs Ampicillin
These are both antibiotics and work against bacteria. Carbenicillin is different as it contains a benzyl and a carboxyl group. Both of them are broad-spectrum and semi-synthetic antibiotics of the beta-lactam class. Carbenicillin is more stable as it can be more tolerant to acidity and heat compared to ampicillin.
6. Ampicillin Trihydratevs Ampicillin Sodium
Both of these are forms of ampicillin. The main difference between the two is their rate of dissolution and solubility in water. When in plasma both of these forms will exist as ampicillin only.
7. Mechanism of action of Ampicillin
In simplest terms, ampicillin is an inhibitor of the transpeptidase (enzyme) which is needed by the bacteria to manufacture their cell wall components. When the bacteria cannot make their cell walls it leads to cell lysis and thus ampicillin is regarded as a bacteriolytic.
8. Ampicillin Manufacturing Process
Ampicillin is produced in batches by carrying out the enzymatic acylation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) with the aid of phenylglycine derivative such as D-phenylglycine amide.
9. Ampicillin Uses
Ampicillin is used for the treatment of bacterial infections like meningitis, and infections of the sinus, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, throat, and lungs.
10. Ampicillin Dosage
Ampicillin dosages differ according to the type of infection being treated. It comes in many forms and dosages:
Capsule (250 mg, 500 mg)
Oral suspension (125 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml)
Injection (125 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg, 1g, 2 g, 10 g)
11. Ampicillin Side Effects
The side effects of ampicillin can include:
Rash
Seizures
Diarrhea
Black hairy tongue
Hives
Fever
Exfoliative Dermatitis
Erythema Multiforme
12. Ampicillin API price
Ampicillin API prices can differ in different parts of the world. It can cost anywhere between 30- 50 USD/KG.
13. Ampicillin Sodium APIManufacturers In China
Looking to find companies and manufacturers that produce top quality and high purity manufacturing ingredients such as ampicillin API in China? Pharmasources.com is the leading platform and search engine that can help you find a variety of raw materials you are looking for with the lowest prices but without compromising in quality.
Here are some of the top producers of ampicillin API active product ingredient in China:
SHANDONG LUKANG PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.
This is one of the leading manufactures of API material for antibiotics in China that started working in 1966.
Henan LvYuan Pharmaceutical Company Ltd
One of the leading companies, that manufactures and produces ampicillin API in China.
SinopharmWeiqida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
The company is known to produce top-quality antibiotics API materials in the world and is hugely invested in building a base in anti-infective drugs.
CSPC PHARMA
This company started working in 1992 in China and works in the research, development, and manufacturing of pharmaceutical APIs and products in China.
14. FAQs
What’s Ampicillin Sulbactam Coverage?
Ampicillin Sulbactam Coverage is greater than what is the coverage of ampicillin alone. The combination shows synergy and thus even covers strains that are resistant to ampicillin alone.
What Does Ampicillin Do To Bacteria?
Ampicillin does not let the bacteria produce an enzyme that is crucial for it to make its cell walls thus inhibiting its spread and growth.
Is Ampicillin A Penicillin?
Yes, ampicillin is one of the many in the class called penicillin.
References:
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ampicillin#section=Associated-Chemicals
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_ampicillin_penicillin/drugs-condition.htm#:~:text=Ampicillin%20is%20available%20under%20the,Omnipen%2C%20Penglobe%2C%20and%20Principen.
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a693021.html
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ampicillin-sodium#:~:text=Ampicillin%20Sodium%20is%20the%20sodium,of%20the%20bacterial%20cell%20wall.
https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/6342/smpc#gref
https://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/content/27/11/434
https://www.goldbio.com/articles/article/a-guide-for-choosing-between-commonly-used-antibiotics#:~:text=Carbenicillin%20differs%20from%20ampicillin%20because,are%20both%20beta%2Dlactam%20antibiotics.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/ampicillin-trihydrate
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519569/
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7029885B2/en
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a685002.html
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_ampicillin_penicillin/drugs-condition.htm
https://www.lkpc.com/en/
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