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CAS NO:
1115-70-4
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ChP,
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Basic Info
CAS Number
1115-70-4
Pharmacopoeia
ChP
Grade
In-house Standards
Is Manufacturer
YES
Packaging & Delivery
Minimum Order Quantity
Any
Delivery Cycle
Negotiable
Product Description
Reference Standards &Impurity
AI Product Description
*The following content is generated by AI and is for reference only.
Metformin, chemically known as 1,1-dimethylbiguanide, is a widely prescribed first-line medication for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its molecular formula is C4H11N5, and it carries the unique CAS registry number 657-24-9. This white crystalline powder is highly soluble in water but practically insoluble in most organic solvents, characteristics that facilitate its formulation into various oral dosage forms including immediate-release tablets, extended-release formulations, and liquid solutions.
The primary clinical utility of Metformin lies in its ability to lower blood glucose levels without causing hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy. Unlike sulfonylureas or insulin, it does not stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Instead, it acts primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production through the inhibition of gluconeogenesis and enhancing peripheral insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. By activating the enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Metformin improves cellular uptake of glucose and fatty acid oxidation, effectively addressing the core pathophysiology of insulin resistance prevalent in type 2 diabetes.
Beyond glycemic control, Metformin offers significant metabolic benefits. It is frequently associated with modest weight loss or weight neutrality, distinguishing it from other antidiabetic agents that often promote weight gain. Emerging research suggests potential roles in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by improving ovulation rates and reducing hyperandrogenism, as well as offering protective effects against cardiovascular complications and certain malignancies. While generally well-tolerated, common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort, which often diminish over time. A rare but serious risk is lactic acidosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or conditions predisposing to hypoxia. With decades of global usage and extensive safety data, Metformin remains a cornerstone therapy in modern endocrinology, valued for its efficacy, affordability, and favorable safety profile in long-term chronic disease management.
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