Isopentane, also known as 2-methylbutane, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H12. It is a colorless and transparent liquid with a pleasant aromatic odor. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, and soluble in most organic solvents such as hydrocarbons and ether. It is mainly used in organic synthesis and is also used as a solvent and foaming agent for polystyrene.
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<h3>Overview</h3>
<p>Isopentane is a <strong>branched-chain alkane</strong> (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>, CAS 78-78-4) produced via fractional distillation of natural gas or petroleum refining. It serves as a critical feedstock and process solvent in industrial chemistry.</p>
<h3>Application</h3>
<ul>
<li><strong>Refrigeration:</strong> Primary component in CFC-free refrigerant blends for low-temperature cooling systems.</li>
<li><strong>Polymerization:</strong> Used as a blowing agent in manufacturing expanded polystyrene and polyurethane foams.</li>
<li><strong>Solvent:</strong> Applied in extraction processes for essential oils and resins due to its non-polar nature.</li>
</ul>
<h3>Precautions</h3>
<p>Strictly store in cool, ventilated areas away from ignition sources. Highly flammable liquid; requires explosion-proof equipment. Not intended for pharmaceutical use; inhalation causes CNS depression.</p>