Product Description
Iodobenzene、591-50-4
AI Product Description
*The following content is generated by AI and is for reference only.
Iodobenzene, also known as phenyl iodide, is a fundamental organoiodine compound widely utilized in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical research. Its molecular formula is C6H5I, reflecting a single iodine atom substituted onto a benzene ring structure. The compound is cataloged under the CAS number 591-50-4, which serves as its unique identifier for chemical databases and safety documentation. At room temperature, iodobenzene appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct aromatic odor, though it may darken upon exposure to light due to the formation of elemental iodine. It possesses moderate volatility and is slightly soluble in water but readily dissolves in common organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform.
The primary application of iodobenzene lies in its role as a versatile reagent in cross-coupling reactions. It serves as a critical precursor for generating organometallic species, most notably through halogen-metal exchange to form phenyllithium or via transmetallation to produce phenylboronic acids and phenylstannanes. These intermediates are indispensable in Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille, and Negishi couplings, enabling the construction of complex biaryl structures essential for drug discovery and materials science. Furthermore, iodobenzene acts as an oxidant in specific transformations and is employed in the synthesis of dyes, agrochemicals, and advanced electronic materials. Due to the high reactivity of the carbon-iodine bond, it facilitates mild reaction conditions compared to other aryl halides, enhancing selectivity in multi-step syntheses. Safety protocols require careful handling, as iodobenzene can be harmful if inhaled or absorbed through the skin and may cause irritation. Proper storage in cool, dark environments within sealed containers minimizes decomposition risks. Overall, iodobenzene remains a cornerstone reagent in modern medicinal chemistry, bridging simple aromatic substrates with sophisticated functional molecules required for therapeutic and industrial applications.