The Human Genome Project (HGP) is the first and greatest endeavor so far to understand ourselves and all other types of life through the vast international collaboration. Since the Human Genome Project's introduction and completion 20 years ago, various human genome centers have been established worldwide to research on how the humane genetic makeup can influence the discovery of drugs and vaccines for evolving diseases and genetic disorders, which was also a new era of pharmacogenomics in China. Since then, China's pharmaceutical industry has been working hard in the world's pharmaceutical sector to make available drugs, as various drugs and vaccines have been developed by discovering human genetic information.
What is the Human Genome Project?
The Human Genome Project was created to uncover the genetic information present in the human genome and establish the structure and function of human genes, (1) which was a 13-year-long, openly financed project launched in 1990 to determine the euchromatic human genome's DNA sequence within a period of 15 years.(2) Some scientists and nonscientists, viewed the Human Genome Project with uncertainty in its initial periods. A raised concern was whether the project's enormous cost would outweigh possible benefits. Today, the Human Genome Project's tremendous success is entirely obvious. The completion of this project not only established a new phase in medicine, but it also led to massive developments in the types of technology used to sequence DNA.
Since the beginning of the Human Genome Project, it was governed by two primary principles. First, to move beyond boundaries, it invited collaborators from every country, created an all-exclusive initiative to understand our common molecular heritage, and benefit from diverse approaches.
Secondly, it stated that all assembled information on the Human Genome Sequence should be available to allow free access for scientists and academia in the industry.
More than 18 countries in the world contributed to the Human Genome Project when it was completed.(2) Eventually, a group of researchers that publicly funded the human genome project got united to form the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium (HGSC). (3)
The two primary goals of the Human Genome Project, according to the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, were:
· To build genetic and physical maps of human and mouse genomes;
· Sequencing genomes of used and worms as a test run for sequencing the human genome
The Human Genome Project began immediately when the goals turned out successful.
Discovering Genome Sequencing
The first genetic blueprint of a human being was put together about 20 years ago by an international group of scientists. They discovered the three billion units of DNA that made up the human genome.(4) Technically, unlocking the human DNA is one of the most remarkable scientific researches in history. Uncovering the DNA map was prompted scientists to isolate genes responsible for several human characteristics. More research went on, and as of 2003, the Human Genome Project was officially closed after the release of a full human genome.
Nowadays, gene sequencing and unlocking human DNA has become an automated process. With the discovery of the human genome, many researchers have studied gene sequencing and made findings on the gene that causes various diseases such as cancers.
Impact of HGP on the Pharmaceutical Industry
The success of the Human Genome project in 2003 has made the complete human genome sequence available for scientists and researchers worldwide. For the biomedical community and the pharmaceutical industry, the human genome database's availability has prompted and enhanced the identification of mutated genes, most of which are responsible for hereditary diseases. Pharmacogenomics (the study of the association between genetics and drug response) has helped find a cure to various diseases according to infer-individual differences.(4) This implies that each individual can be treated ...
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